The space beyond Earth is awash with radiation. © ESA/SSA
New hydrogel materials for astronaut radiation protection can soak up large amounts of water to serve as highly effective shields.
Space is a hazardous environment due to intense radiation exposure, which can damage equipment and harm astronauts.
Researchers at Ghent University in Belgium are testing 3D-printed hydrogels—water-absorbing materials—as potential radiation shields.
Earth’s atmosphere and magnetic field protect us from cosmic radiation, but astronauts beyond these layers face extreme exposure. Water is an effective radiation shield due to its hydrogen content, but using it in liquid form poses challenges, such as leaks and mobility restrictions.
Space risks – Radiation. © ESA
Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), which can absorb large amounts of liquid and form hydrogels, may offer a safer and more practical alternative for space radiation protection.
Hydrogels can hold water, making them useful for radiation protection in space habitats and spacesuits during spacewalks. Since the water stays trapped inside the hydrogel, it spreads evenly for better shielding and won’t leak if punctured. This gives astronauts extra time to reach safety.
Timelapse of hydrogel swelling, showing a 1.5-hour-long process in 6 seconds. © ESA
“The beauty of this project is that we are working with a well-known technology,” explains Lenny Van Daele. “Hydrogels are found in many things we use every day, from contact lenses to diapers and sanitary products. Our research group has experience with applications in the medical field – using hydrogels as a soft implantable material to repair damaged tissues and organs.”
source ESA
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