2025 Antarctic Ozone Hole Antarctic Ozone Hole 2025.  Credit NASA Earth Observatory by Lauren Dauphin

NASA and NOAA say the 2025 Antarctic ozone hole is the 5th smallest since 1992.

The ozone hole over Antarctica was large in area but relatively small compared to many past years, according to NASA and NOAA. It continues to follow the long-term trend toward recovery, expected later this century. In 2025, the hole ranked as the fifth smallest since 1992, when the global phase-out of ozone-destroying chemicals began.

From Sept. 7 to Oct. 13, during the peak of this year’s ozone-loss season, the hole averaged about 7.23 million square miles (18.71 million square kilometers) — roughly twice the size of the contiguous United States. This year’s hole also began to break apart nearly three weeks earlier than what has been typical over the last decade.

A NASA map shows the ozone hole at its largest point in 2025, revealing moderate losses (shown in orange) mixed with areas of stronger depletion (red). Scientists define the “hole” as any region where ozone levels fall below 220 Dobson units.

Image credit: NASA Earth Observatory by Lauren Dauphin, using data courtesy of NASA Ozone Watch and GEOS-5 data from the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office at NASA GSFC